The Articles of Confederation Essay -- Governmental American History E

The Articles of ConfederationAs the basal War came to a close, the Continental Congress introduced a youthful form of authorities as it instituted the Articles of Confederation. The articles established a democratic government that granted the states sufficient power to control their own laws and regulations. However, the Articles of Confederation were ineffective and, because they failed to provide a strong government. During this time in an American history, often known as the tiny Period, regionalism and anarchism began to expand as a entrust of the following reasons. The Continental Congress controlled public affairs, but the Articles of Confederation neglected to grant the Congress power to enforce laws or coalesce the States. Under the Articles, the coupled States lacked a substantive monetary system to ensure that taxes would be paid and to protect commerce, both nationally and foreign trade. Also, without leading national figure, the strong whiz America ga ined during the Revolutionary War began to diminish along with the nations overall strength. Being that Congress had only the power to recommend actions to the states, the Articles were incompetent. Law and recommendations could not be gain ground enforced by Congress. Each state obtained its own form of a constitution, monetary system and method to enforce the laws. Each state committed powerfully to the state laws and egotism interests sort of than to the recommendations of Congress. Americas sense of unity began to plummet as regionalism pitted one state against another. For example, Rhode Island voted to reject Congresss recommendation of an customs duty on imported goods because its leaders felt the idea objected the states constitution. (Document A) ... ...ct to gain the use of the Mississippi, and it could only negotiate a accord with Spain, but it was ineffective. During this Critical Period, the Articles of Confederation failed to provide the United States with an effective and powerful government. The American sense of unification began to dissolve compared to the colonists attitudes during the Revolutionary War. The states were divided respectively into one nation, rather than unified into one nation. Each state, with its own interests, currency, and government debilitated economic progression. Congress had no authority to enforce recommendations, or to unify the states. Without the presence of a president or national court system, it became impossible to make necessary changes within the nation. If this young nation was to survive, the Articles of Confederation needed to be altered or replaced. The Articles of Confederation Essay -- Governmental American History E The Articles of ConfederationAs the Revolutionary War came to a close, the Continental Congress introduced a new form of government as it instituted the Articles of Confederation. The articles established a democratic government that granted the states sufficient power to control their own laws and regulations. However, the Articles of Confederation were ineffective and, hence they failed to provide a strong government. During this time in an American history, often known as the Critical Period, regionalism and anarchism began to expand as a result of the following reasons. The Continental Congress controlled public affairs, but the Articles of Confederation neglected to grant the Congress power to enforce laws or unify the States. Under the Articles, the United States lacked a solid monetary system to ensure that taxes would be paid and to protect commerce, both nationally and foreign trade. Also, without leading national figure, the strong unity America gained during the Revolutionary War began to diminish along with the nations overall strength. Being that Congress had only the power to recommend actions to the states, the Articles were incompetent. Law and recommendations could not be further enforced by Congress. Ea ch state obtained its own form of a constitution, monetary system and method to enforce the laws. Each state committed strongly to the state laws and self interests rather than to the recommendations of Congress. Americas sense of unity began to plummet as regionalism pitted one state against another. For example, Rhode Island voted to reject Congresss recommendation of an impost on imported goods because its leaders felt the idea objected the states constitution. (Document A) ... ...ct to gain the use of the Mississippi, and it could only negotiate a treaty with Spain, but it was ineffective. During this Critical Period, the Articles of Confederation failed to provide the United States with an effective and powerful government. The American sense of unification began to dissolve compared to the colonists attitudes during the Revolutionary War. The states were divided separately into one nation, rather than unified into one nation. Each state, with its own interests, currenc y, and government debilitated economic progression. Congress had no authority to enforce recommendations, or to unify the states. Without the presence of a president or national court system, it became impossible to make necessary changes within the nation. If this young nation was to survive, the Articles of Confederation needed to be altered or replaced.

US History :: American History

In 1828 Andrew Jackson was elected as President, as a dearie among the United States many view him as the Hero of New Orleans. He is to many the epitome of a gentleman and that he embodies the ideals of many Americans. He views himself as the President of all the great deal and likes the idea of having those who worked for the government to depend on him. Jackson however, was ignorant to many of the fields that would have been beneficial to him and the United States had he not been so unwilling to accept advice from experts. His lack of knowledge of the banking system was evident however, he had Nicholas Biddle to thank for keeping the system afloat. Biddle brilliantly maintained the depone of the United States which in turn ensured that many financial institutions were able to maintain their efficiency. Despite Jacksons efforts to destroy the bank because of the monopoly it allowed, this short-lived veto was reversed. Biddles efficient means of course the bank ensured a s table economy for the United States.Jefferson continues to lose favor among Americans because of his tyrannical style of leadership. The creation of the Whig party, led by Henry Clay and seat C. Calhoun, demonstrates the patriotic dislike held by many Americans. They aimed to influence President Jefferson and the Jacksonians to face and approach economic problems form a broad national perspective. Unfortunately in that location was no dominant leader who was able to achieve this goal. Society continues to change and the population within the United States continues to grow. From the span of 1790 to the 1850s the population increased from 3.9 million people to a little over 23 million people. Cities continued to grow and new towns continued to emerge causing an increase in farms and factories. This increase in population and town size was more prevalent in the Northeast in comparison to the South. The South saw its primary growth in Mobile, Charleston, Savannah, and Baltimo re. During the minute of arc Great Awakening revivals led by Charles Grandison Finney were being held in towns along the Erie Canal from 1826 to 1831 where he preached that his listeners should take their salvation into their own hands. The abolition of slavery was in the forefront by the 1820s however, there were not many supporters because many felt it could only be abolished through a revolution.

Rhetorical Analysis of Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream Speech

Martin Luther King youngers I Have a vision speech was made to thousands of people at the Washington secretary while facing the Lincoln Memorial on August 28, 1963. Dr. King called upon Americas to consider all people, both black and white, to be united, undivided and free. His rhetoric harkened punt a hundred years past when the E patchcipation Proclamation was enacted during Abraham Lincolns term as president which abolished slavery and allowed all people sprightliness in America to be equal and have equal rights. Unfortunately, in 1963, America had lost sight of this key Constitutional component instilled in the lives of many a(prenominal). For many years, African Americans suffered from persecution and segregation in a class-oriented society. Martin Luther King, a preacher, born in Atlanta, Georgia, tore down racial barriers that blocked effective communication in a society that ultimately led to mistreatment of high-ranking citizens. His speech brought inspiration and hope to not only African Americans, but white communities as well. His precise style and passionate words reflected a humble and principled demeanor, which led him to deliver a message to the American people, considered as one of the greatest events in accounting (Dream, n.d.). An ordinary man, Martin Luther King Jr had an extraordinary message in his speech I Have A Dream that called for human equality and changed social justice, that impacted Americans for many generations to come by using Aristotles literary devices of ethos, pathos, and logos, historical and literary references, metaphors, and poetic devices. First, Martin Luther King Jr.s speech, I Have a Dream accomplished what the founding fathers in American history could not a call for all people to receive ... ...cted his message. Since then, segregation in all macrocosm places that includes Americas schools and government institutions has been abolished. African Americans commonly receive scholarships and equal opportunity for employment. America also elected the first black president of the join States, Barrack Obama. Kings I Have a Dream speech fulfilled his vision of human equality. His focus on the ordinary man to achieve extraordinary things is much like the stamp of his own character as a gift to the masses he would never personally know. ReferencesKing, M.L. Jr. (1963, August 28). I have a day-dreamaddress at March on Washington. Martin Luther King Speeches. Retrieved from http//www.mlkonline.net/dream.htmlMartin Luther King Online (Producer) I have a dream speech video. Retrieved from http//www.mlkonline.net/video-i-have-a-dream-speech.html

The Case Against the Death Penalty Essay example -- capital punishment

In the United States, since the 1970s there have been more than 1270 executions according to the death penalty information concern (Fact Sheet), Whats alarming about that number, is the number of people who were condemned to be executed based on race, income and social status alone, targeting those that could not afford good legitimate counsel, and were appointed attorneys that were inexperienced and had below appropriate professional standards (Hessick 1069), which sealed the fate of those literally fighting for their lives, on the day of sentencing. Capital punishment is unconstitutional, and violates human rights a point of view r arely seen when debating the topic. Everyone talks about deterrence, everyone talks about justice for the victim, but no one seems to remember that even though the psyche responsible for a crime, whatever the nature of this crime is, is still a human being with constitutional, and human rights just like all of us. This paper forget present facts that will help the reader understand the real nature of capital punishment, presenting the case against the death penalty for reasons of unconstitutionality and human rights violations.The first thing I want to cover is deterrence. Does the death penalty really deter crime? Some people say it does, that they tame the same way speed signs work First you notice the speed sign, then you drive without getting over the speed limit, it obviously works. Or does it? I came across many articles proving that speed signs are not a deterrent for speeding. Karen Sorensen writes on her news site The Plainfield Police Department reports they issued 93 tickets for speeding and two for speeding in a twist zone despite warning signs being posted all along Rout... ... Behind the Wheel Why Do We Speed? Interview. Audio blog post. NPR. PBS, 07 June 2007. Web. 01 Nov. 2014.Peffley, Mark, and Jon Hurwitz. judgment And Resistance Race And The Death Penalty In America. American Journal Of Political Scien ce 51.4 (2007) 996-1012. Academic Search Complete. Web. 7 Nov. 2014.Prejean, Helen. Would Jesus Pull the switch over? Salt of the Earth 1997. Claretian Publications, 1997. Web. 01 Nov. 2014. .Sorensen, Karen. Speed Warning Signs No Deterrent for 95 Drivers. Plainfield Patch. 23 Oct. 2011. Web. 02 Nov. 2014. Spenkelink, John Arthur. Last Words. Interview. Any Last Words? The New York Times. Web. 01 Nov. 2014. .The drive Against the Death Penalty. American Civil Liberties Union. The American Civil Liberties Union and the ACLU Foundation., 2011. Web. 01 Nov. 2014.

Make Death Penalty Legal Essay -- essays research papers

And thine eye shall not pity, But life shall go for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, the Book of Deuteronomy 1921. When the word death penalisation or capital punishment is mentioned, so is morality. Others claim that there is no morality in such punishment. However, what is more(prenominal) moral than the Bible? The Bible encourages decry sinners. The golden rule practically sums it all up do unto others as you want done unto you. If you choose to kill, then you had better be ready to abide the consequences. California is a state built on a foundation of justice and equality. It is only fair that when an innocent life or lives are taken, whatsoever kind of compensation is given. In most cases, the death penalty is a matter of justice and equality. With most crimes, the purposes of the punishment are to rehabilitate the convict and to impel a warning to others who would commit similar crimes. According to the U.S. Department of Justice statistic s, 60 to 80 percent of all convicts will continue to commit more and generally worse crimes when released. Violent con...

Make Death Penalty Legal Essay -- essays research papers

And thine eye shall not pity, But life shall go for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, the Book of Deuteronomy 1921. When the word death penalization or capital punishment is mentioned, so is morality. Others claim that there is no morality in such punishment. However, what is more than moral than the Bible? The Bible encourages condemnatory sinners. The golden rule practically sums it all up do unto others as you want done unto you. If you choose to kill, then you had better be ready to choose the consequences. California is a state built on a foundation of justice and equality. It is only fair that when an innocent life or lives are taken, nearly kind of compensation is given. In most cases, the death penalty is a matter of justice and equality. With most crimes, the purposes of the punishment are to rehabilitate the convict and to manoeuver a warning to others who would commit similar crimes. According to the U.S. Department of Justice statistic s, 60 to 80 percent of all convicts will continue to commit more and generally worse crimes when released. Violent con...

John Locke- Equality Essay

What is equality? Equality is not something that a government can deed over or deny a body of citizens for this right is unalienable. This basically included life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness and was not allowed to be taken away by governments. It could be utilized to describe the same semipolitical rights that people may have, including males and females. However, John Locke in the Second Treatise of Government outlines his theory of equality and how it works in his political society, known as the common-wealth.Despite, Locke writes later in the same paragraph that they are equal and free unless the lord and master of them all should, by any lucid declaration of his will, set one above another, and confer on him, by an evident and clear appointment, and undoubted right to dominion and sovereignty. I believe that through this statement, Locke refers to monarchy. basically what this means is that during Lockes lifetime, it was still widely believed that the kings and qu eens of the world are selected by God to rule over that particular kingdom.As naturally innate(p) people both free and equal, humans can build a common wealth. Lockes theory of equality, which grants human freedom from being subjects of others is given to the familys right to have material goods for survival. During his society, everyone has a claim to some sort of property. Locke defines the common wealth as not a democracy, or any resile of government, but any independent community. John Locke, in the Second Treatise, outlines the structure of government that best suits the people who give up natural freedoms, such as the pursuit of justice, to accumulate and secure property. Lockes point of view was that common wealth is equipped with the natural right to hold property. This basically meant that they cannot lose their property, notwithstanding to the government, unless consent is given by the public.

Environmental factors effecting motor skill development Essay

Child nurture is defined as to how a churl ables itself to complete more difficult tasks as they grow in age. training is often confused with growth, which refers to a childs tendency to grow bigger in size. P atomic number 18nts can become concerned easily when a childs developmental skills take longer and then the normal or when pressures of milestones are not satisfied on time. developmental milestones are carrying into action tasks or skills that should occur at special ages. Observing what specific environmental factors influence the development of force skills in the child and toddler stages and how that compares to my findings of the children I person every last(predicate)y memorialed, is what will be discussed. I searched for different scholars who go current information and academic research of kindred topics finding information that was some(prenominal), similar as to my possess research concluding a main point that the environment of these children have an e ffect on how they will learn.A common topic that has been analyzed in these journals is Gross motor skill development. It is a specific factor that plays a crucial role in the childs overall development and of lead combined with the environment in which the child is confined to has a profound effect to the development of these motor skills (newton 2008) . The aim of this study was focusing on the two main environmental factors tinting children motor development. Looking over the articles it reveals that at that place are many particular factors within the family details such as socioeconomic status, finds educational level, relationships with family and the existence of siblings can also affect a childs motor ability, Preschools also have became an infuencial part of development for all children but also can be a detriment to a childs development by not attending, due to the unanalyzable fact that nowadays large amounts of time children spend at them so by not having a child g o through life with preschool would check off them back as far as motor development goes. The social-cultural background where a child is brought up from, creates specific demands for his/her motor behavior.Read more Influences that affect childrens development essayThis thought can go with the fact that movement programs are very important for the development as well, such as physical education, especially if the social-cultural environment that the child is in does not require them to be very active. If the child is not pushed or has no motivation to do theseobstacles, that are often taken for granted, then can cause a long term even life altering issue down the road. These are all the social norms nowadays with children. It is becoming incredibly competitive to get into colleges and other type of educational programs and it all starts from these crucial infant course of studys where all these environmental factors that the family contributes too have a say in what a child will be like as it develops. Many of these environments are anticipate and often not over looked or analyzed by parents due to the reason that the child is so young that these things dont have an extend to on them yet.That is false, the first tailfin years of a childs life are the most important in developing these motor skills for the light of their life, and that is a fact that is not looked at close enough by parents. This is a huge developmental problem that has been happening for ever and now that there is studies and documentation proving that this here is correct, it needs to be and is being put into action. All of the environmental factors have some way played a role in the children I observed lives but because of the limited length of paper I will discuss the two most obvious influences.This purpose of this paper is to document the environment that infants and toddlers are in and describe how these environmental factors have affected them. To begin I observed a toddler and an infant but both of the same family. The two children are different ages but similar environments and upbringings. I observed the children in there home environment looking at the smirch as a Mother-child interaction first then I observed the sibling vs sibling interactions that the children tended to take a like too. I act to take up the children on and off for two weeks at different locations and got the opportunity to observe the toddler and infant in both of these settings. At each observation office I sat with a notepad and jotted down how they interacted under these three circumstances and noted of the surroundings environments each time I observed. At the end I had a lot of notes and information to choose from, but the way that I chose what information to use was by organizing my notes into my three main cases then divided them into infant and toddler. All the situations that most frequently happened for each child i used as conclusive information and discarded the mino r details.The majority of the two weeks of spy the infant under these two cases my evidence appeared to be quite on point with other researchers studies. To begin, the mother-infant relationship (parent-child). WIthin my study I found when playacting with each other the infant was much more responsive to this one on one play then a group of people. What I spy was the child did not do as much looking and observing like statistics show or as he did in the other cases. 7 out of fifteen clock the mother demonstrated what I wanted the infant to do, that involved a motor skill, most of the time picking up a block or a toy car, the child attempted the action after watching the mother demonstrate.What I noticed of those fifteen times all seven of the successful tries were because it was right in front of him. if it was far away he would try with a different object that was closest to him and wouldnt even notice that he was using a different toy. As for the toddler he payed much closer attention but on the turnaround of his fifteen attempts he actually cared that he used the same exact object as his mom. For him I used a test involving throwing of a ball. His mother would throw the ball using different styles such as over the head, two hand, one had, and under arm. Eight of the fifteen attempts the toddler successfully mimicked the motor skill of which hand to use and the style in which the mom threw it, which was very surprising in this case for the reason that this usually does not develop until five or six years of age.The next case I observed was the sibling vs sibling. typically we think of the mother to be seen as the leader to specific child development. However, when the child has siblings the situation becomes much more influenced. (circirelli 1975). A childs position in the family or sex even of the sibling has a huge influence on the interactions they have. The environment used was once again the home setting but the family has there own jungle gym ou tback(a) in the backyard. I used this play set to see if these sibling influences can play a role in development of specific skills . Studies have shown that, irrespective of the age difference among the children of the family, the elder siblings lead the youngers behaviour (circirelli 1975) and those in turn imitate elders movements (abramovitch et al. 1979 Lamb 1978). As I continued my research right(prenominal) I watched and studied how theywere interacting. The younger infant, surprisingly can walk at his age of sixteen months old.There was a set of stairs that the toddler was base on balls up to get to the top of the gym and eventually slide down the slide to only continue the process over and over again. The infant continued to watch and observe for roughly fifteen minutes with no signs of him motivated to make a move or give it a try. To our surprise the infant began pointing and mumbling as if he wanted to make an attempt. He was brought over to the play set, climbing up t he steps and eventually we got him to go down the slide. He held his hands on the railings same position as where she did as if he was copying her techniques exact and the influence of his big sister took effect. This whole process took about twenty- twenty five minutes but once he tried it one time, the infant, like his toddler sister continued to doing the routine using similar if not the same route.All in all he was hesitant, the infant waited, studied, and then slowly analyzed the process as he did it for his first time, and then continued to go on with the process as his big sister had been. The infant and the toddler both have demonstrated there developing bring in motor skills. These skills are coordinated with many other parts of the body such as the legs and arms and the ability to notice what one is doing and mimic the other is all part of the development of the these physical abilities of large body movements ( Berger, 2009).Reference section1.) kambas, A. (2009). enviro nmental factors affecting preschoolers motor development. 2.) Infants learn about objects from statistics and people. By Wu, Rachel, Gopnik, Alison, Richardson, Daniel C., Kirkham, Natasha Z., Developmental Psychology, 00121649, 20110901, Vol. 47, Issue 53.) Research Institute MOVE, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.4.)nicholson, T. (2010, june 2). What can a one year old do?. Retrieved from http//t-nicholson.suite101.com/what-can-a-one-year-old-do-a244085 5.)Developmental Science Nov2009, Vol. 12 Issue 6, p1060-1069, 10p, 3 Charts, 4 Graphs

A Critical Analysis of Company Q’s Social Responsibility Essay

AbstractThis essay is a critical analysis of the behaviors that fellowship Q has demonstrated with regard to social responsibility. In essence, Comp either Qs behaviors, while reasonable reactions to maintain financial viability and avoid contribution to employee malfeasance, actually demonstrate a profound solicitude that results in a negative public image that will end up costing it much in the long term. I will offer solutions that will provide a cost savings while keeping Company Q from making further embarrassing errors.A little Analysis of Company Qs Social ResponsibilityUnfortunately, Company Q has not made wise decisions as it relates to social responsibility. There argon reports that the conjunction 1) chose to shutting much-needed grocery stores in economically depressed (read minority-occupied) parts of town, 2.) chose to start offering health-conscious food items yet after it could locate the highest-margin products it could find and 3) ashamedly refused to provide day-old food to the local food bank under the auspices that it was concerned that its employees would steal the food instead of donating it. The goal of this analysis is not only to bring out this absurd behavior and reasoning but also to offer solutions that are conducive to meeting social-responsibility concerns and maintaining financial viability. With any hope, Company Q will heed the counselor-at-law and institute immediate changes.Scenario 1The news recently reported the shuttering of two of Company Qs grocery stores in Neighborhood A and Neighborhood B. Although the company gave no public statement about the nature of these closings, public financial disclosures indicate the rationale The stores were not profitable. Of course, in a free-market economy, companies have the option to near(a) unprofitable stores. But in addition to being a free market, we are also an economy that operates on high social principlesor, at the really least, weshould be. Company Q apparently misse d this memorandum when it was sent 30 years ago. With these stores removed from both neighborhoods, where are the residents of those neighborhoods supposed to shop? And with the removal of the stores, what impetus do the few some other grocers have to keep prices reasonable for people of that socio-economic level?Scenario 1 stopI recognize that a possible rebuttal to any of the aforementioned questions is, If the residents are not shopping there and putting money into the store, why would we be expected to stay open? I would offer that much(prenominal) a rebuttal is wrongheaded. Perhaps a better question may be, What are we doing to cause residents to shop elsewhere or to not spend more money with us? Does Company Q offer the food choices these residents want? Is the layout of your stores conducive to these residents? Are the prices too high? Do the staff you employ in these stores direct like the residents who shop there? If the answer is no to any of these questions, we will ha ve unlocked one of many possible reasons why the store is unprofitable. It is then Company Qs responsibility to address these issues instead of packing up shop and moving to the more affluent areas of town, where they are not concerned that a jar of pickles may cost $40.Scenario 2With a weight epidemic ravaging the state, Company Q made its decision to offer health-conscious food fare only after it could find the foods that provided the highest margin of profit for it. That is probably why there is a dearth of health-food options in its store, and probably why the prices are nearly doubly those of its competitors. This message translates to the community as If Company X can profit obscenely from offering health-food options to its consumers, it will then be concerned with offering bouncing options. Otherwise, let the American obesity epidemic rage on unfetterednot our problemScenario 2ResolutionThe above message is a unobjectionable problem, and it does not have to be. It is po ssible for Company Q to offer plenty of health-food options while still making a profit, though the profit may not be as obscene as the one it is currently making. Company Q can engage in more impactful negotiations with its suppliers or can shop the market for health-food competitors who wouldbe willing to supply its sizable consumer base with its food. In our previous reference to store closings, Company Q could also offer more health-food options in more of its stores as opposed to select ones. Or Company Q could offer the same food products but initially make less of a profit on it by offering discounts on it initially as a sort of enticement to customers to become interested and promote the food to their network of friends and family. This possibility could theoretically effect increased demand for the healthy food and allow more profitability for the company in the long run. Company profitability and meeting social-responsibility obligations as it relates to our countrys obes ity epidemic need not be at variance.Scenario 3A local food bankone that serves the indigent bespeak the donation of day-old food from Company Q, but Company Q responded that it was concerned that it would lose revenue because it was concerned that its employees would purloin the food instead of donating it.Scenario 3ResolutionThis response is insulting to its own employees and to the food bank. If Company Q is concerned that its employees are miscreants, the companys bigger concern should be the integrity of its employee-verification process. There are many solutions available have the food-bank employees collect the food themselves, designate a specific employee to handle food donations, make a tax-deductible donation in the measurement of the destroyed food instead. Almost any response is better than what Company Q provided.ConclusionThere is no question that every company has a powerful to pursue profits, and I recognize that Company Q is ultimately attempting to do just that. However, it is imperative that Company Q realize that it has a responsibility to contribute to society something other than products and services. Consumers are interested in doing business with forward-thinking companies who recognize their responsibility in propelling the soul of our society forward. With the counsel provided, Company Q can bring itself in line with many other companies in being truly customer centric.

Representation of Sex and Gender in the Film Goldfinger Essay

My Name is pose, jam stupefy. A film franchise that has spanned for a better part of this century has been engrained to generations, young, old, men and women. Bonds suave outlook, dominating presence, and whollyuring sex appeal has engrained among generations how a man should conduct himself a mans man, and has also engrained the boss of how women ar in this world. What are their roles, their functions and how should they be treated. In the years of the Bond characterizations, Bond has either pushed or represented the present epochs view on gender issues and relationships.When taken a closer look, it potentiometer be surmised that one can see the chronological progression of sex and gender issues and relationships when watching the absolute 007 film franchise how it has been in the past and how it has progressed. This paper aims to examine the existing on screen relationships within gender relations as depicted in pack Bond movies. In particular, focus is given toward s the women of James Bond in the various films of James Bond, especially those that are represented in the movie Goldfinger.On the other(a) hand, focus will also be given on the variety of women shown in other James Bond movies and how they depict women and how they are able to represent the current culture towards interactions between women and men, and the roles they play in society. In carryition, the paper also dips into how women represent the typical Bond Girls and what role do they take in the plot of Bond movies. The study develops its arguments via a comprehensive discussion on the subject matter, utilizing cited references and integrating them with for each one other in rule to churn out an effective analysis of the points of the study.Studies acquired for this research will be primarily acquired from UK sources but is not limited to and can acquire US/other sources as need be. There is no particular limit to the age of the publication, just as long as it is written ba sed on the James Bond, the interpretation of women in these films, gender theory, and other studies that may be deemed necessary for the study. As a last point, a conclusion will be presented summarizing the winder points of the paper. The methodology of acquiring the desired results will utilize qualitative analysis.The qualitative analysis presents an advantage as it adheres to the concept of individuality in terms that each person or group is expected to have varying interpretations of the situation that person or the group is immersed in. This provides for a more in-depth analysis for the study as the qualitative portion of the study focuses more on the inner psyche of the individual/group and acknowledges the point that individuals and groups have divergent opinions on the issue/topic.It is the province then of the researcher to merge these existing thoughts into a cohesive interpretation that is representative of the entire subject base. James Bond and his counterparts My n ame is Bond, James Bond On hindsight, the variety of 007 films that was released over the years represent how majority of society (i. e. American and British society) sees masculinity and femininity and how it has progressed throughout the decades. Bonds design in Goldfinger presents the deepest and most innate desires of how men see themselves and how women want their men to see, act and feel.In addition to this, the personas portrayed by women acting in Goldfinger had presented the different variations of women in their time. Their On screen relationships with the secret agent project deep-seated cultural conventions that involves mainly romance and sexual interaction between men and women that add how bond films are able to provide a mirror image of cultural fantasies and realities of modern man and woman in film and in society. It can be said that the bond movie series has taken society by storm because of the reason that they have a similarity to human fantasies and hungry(pr edicate) thinking.The movies in a way, has defined the dreams and paranoia a particular group of 007 fanatics and within a given timeline in history (Lindner, 2003). The characters played in 007 films feed on human fantasy components desired by humans on earth such as fast cars, hard alcoholic beverages, high stakes gambling, and tendinous weaponry at a moments notice, handsome secret agents and beautiful women at their side. When the movies were first released at 1962 onwards, 007 had appeared on the silver screen with an median(a) of two years per interval.Sean Connery filled up the role as James Bond in the movie Goldfinger, keeping in mind how Ian Fleming had envisioned James Bond in real life. His suave attire and commanding look, although was totally different as that of a real-life spy, tapped into the imagination and perception of people at that time on how a spy or a secret should look and feel. On the other hand, following Daltons depiction, there was a gap of six years while Bonds representation was re-developed and reconstructed for the 1990s post Cold War political climate in Britain and the U. S.In middle 1994, the actor Pierce Brosnan was identified to take over the role of 007 (Brosnan, 1995). But even with these changes occurring, the secret agent that is James Bond has essentially remained unswerving all throughout the movies series history (more than 40 years). The secret agent has never aged, never gotten seriously injured, never stopped drinking and more importantly has never stopped chasing the opportunity to be intimate with a sexiest and coincidentally the most intelligent women around.James Bond has become the quintessential suave secret agent, all opposite as that of real-life secret agents, dry wit and capable intelligence officer serving for king and country. On the other hand, categorization of James Bond has naturally varied from actor to actor during the entire 40 year history and has mainly been coupled with the current soci al and political climates and values of the measure (Lindner, 2003).

The Basic Mechanisms of Homeostasis

The Basic Mechanisms of Homeostasis Overview of homeostasis The term homeostasis was initial coined by Walter Cannon in 1929 to literally mean steady state. It describes the dynamic equilibrium by which inbred constancy is maintained within rank limits by regulation and manoeuvre. There are many fonts of homeostatic stop throughout the human eubstance and in other living organisms, such as pH, pressure, and temperature. A concept important to homeostasis is the process of feedback circuits involving a receptor, an effecter, and a control centre.A receptor is responsible for detecting a change in the body, while the effector corrects this. The control centre organises these 2 together to elicit the response. The most common form of control in homeostasis is cognise as negative feedback, in which an excess or deficit in a homeostatic system triggers its own regulation. The diagram below illustrates this concept in reference to the control of temperature (Figure 1). Figure 1 is a simple representation of a rather complicated process.Here, the several types of negative feedback circuits involved in temperature control have been summarised into one. The hypothalamus is a combined receptor and control centre, both recognising extremes of temperature change, and triggering bodily effectors to correct the changes. Figure 1 shows the responses to a decrease in body temperature, which directs variety meat to increase metabolism, thus causing shivering. Another effect would be causing hair cells on the skin to force up their hairs, creating a trapped work of air across the body surface.Such effects should then cause the body temperature to rise to the optimal 37C again, causing feedback to switch the circuit forth. If this does not occur, the circuit will continue to direct effectors to warm the body because the feedback will not be switched off. Recent research, however has added another belongings to the accepted definition of homeostasis. Scientists studyi ng circadian rhythms (24-hour bodily cycles) have pointed out that the upcountry environment does not have completely constant normal set point. They have found, for example, that he set point for human body temperature varies over a 24 hour cycle, fluctuating between 36C and 37C. As a result of this research, current thinking suggests that while homeostasis controls the minute-by-minute fluctuation in the environment , circadian rhythms control the bodys general programing over time. In this essay, we will concentrate on two examples of homeostasis, one that occurs in humans and one which occurs in plants. Firstly, we will discuss the control of parentage glucose levels in mammals, and then will look at the role of plant stomata in regulating water loss.Example 1 Control of blood glucose levels The human body has a number of mechanisms in place to regulate the storage and clitoris of molecules for energy. Sometimes, an individual will consume more than calories than kitty be immediately used, so sugars will be stored in the form of glycogen (a polymer of glucose) in liver and muscle cells. Other periods of increased activity may however, require the sudden release of energy, whereby glycogen is initially oxidised from the stores in the liver. Clearly, this is another example of homeostasis and it is outlined in Figure 2.Two enzymatic hormones are utilised by the body to control the interchange of glucose as an energy molecule and glycogen as a storage molecule. The first, insulin, lowers blood glucose levels by promoting its conversion to glycogen. The second, glucagon, increases glucose levels by allowing glycogen to be phosphorylated. both(prenominal) of these hormones are produced and released by specialised cells in the pancreas known as Islets of Langerhans. Insulin is released from ? -cells, and glucagon is released from ? -cells. Figure 2 Blood glucose control by insulin and glucagonIf the blood glucose level is too high, more insulin and less g lucagon is released. This causes cells to take in glucose from the blood, while the liver converts glucose to glycogen. During low levels of blood glucose however, glucagon release increases, activating the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver, and glucose is released into the blood. This is a good example of negative feedback control, as the lowering of blood glucose, for example, inhibits further insulin secretion. Importantly, insulin is dependent upon calcium.This is because glucose activates calcium channels. When glucose levels are high, the subsequent release of calcium results in calcium binding to calmodulin. Together, the two molecules promote insulin vesicles to be released from the pancreas. This demonstrates the negative feedback system discussed in the overview. Example 3 Control of water loss by plants Plants need to balance their need to sustain water with their need to photosynthesise energy. Transpiration causes water to be pulled up through the plant pas sively as water diffuses out through the leaves.These pores are opened and unsympathetic by the action of surrounding harbour cells, located as illustrated in Figure 3. Figure 3 Drawing of stoma & ward cells These guard cells can take on two extremes of conformation either flaccid, to close the stoma, or turgid, to open the stoma. When guard cells take in water via osmosis, they swell, become turgid, and are strained to bulge outwards into a kidney shape, initiative the stoma. They adhere to this shape both because the two cells are attached to each other at either end, and because cellulose microfibrils hold them.However, if the guard cells lose their water content, they shrink and become flaccid, closing the stoma so that water cannot leave. The opening and closing of the stomata have been shown to be affected by light concentrations. When illuminated, the concentration of solutes in the guard cell vacuoles increases because starch is converted to malic acid, and a proton pu mp in the plasma membrane is stimulated. The proton pump removes hydrogen ions (H+) from the guard cells, and in response, potassium ions (K+) flow into the cell.Chloride ions (Cl-) also flow into the cell via another pump in response to the H+ concentration difference. The accumulation of these ions and malate in the vacuole of the guards cells is nice to cause the water potential to drop within the guard cells. Water then flows in by osmosis, leading to the turgidity just described and opening the pore. As this opening process occurs in light, exactly the opposite happens at night. As light is lost, channels open to conduct Cl- and K+ out of the guard cells, water is lost, and the cells become flaccid and close.Another stimulus for the closing of stomata is an emergency response to the plant wilting from lack of water. In this case, CO2 concentration increases inside the undulate cells, and alongside the wilting, causes the plant to release the hormone abscisic acid (ABA). This diffuses into guard cells and activates the loss of Cl- and K+, effectively mimicking the night time action of the stomata. Concluding Remarks The idea of homeostasis has been well-developed since it was first identified in the mid-1900s.We have seen in this essay that feedback loops play an important part in homeostatic processes, and that the process is controlled by the action of detector and effector hormones and other molecules activated by control centres. Ongoing research also indicates that innate circadian rhythms affect the processes of homeostasis, causing the optimal set point for internal conditions to vary on a periodic basis. Bibliography Alberts, B. , Bray, D. , Lewis, J. , Raff, M. , Roberts, K. , Watson, J. D. (1994). Molecular Biology of the Cell Third Edition.Garland Publishing, U. S. A. Campbell, N. A. , Reece, J. B. & Mitchell, L. G. (1999). Biology Fifth Edition. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. U. S. A. Foster, R. & Kreitzman, L. (2004). Rhythms of Life The biol ogical clocks that control the daily lives of every living thing. Profile Books, London. Givens, P. , Reiss, M. , Rowland, M. (1996). Human Biology and Health Studies. Nelson, Surrey. Jurd, R. D. (1997). Instant Notes in Animal Biology. BIOS Scientific Publishers, Oxford. Rost, T. L. , Barbour, M. G. , Stocking, C. R. , Murphy, T.M (1998). Plant Biology. Wadsworth Publishing Company, USA. Van De Graaff, K. M. & Fox, S. I. (1999). Concepts of Human skeletal frame & Physiology. McGraw Hill, USA. Webpage Physiological ecology functional responses to environment. Accessed 16/03/2005. http//www. ecology. botany. ufl. edu/. .. /homeostasis. html Webpage Class Notes (2002). Accessed 17/03/2005. http//www. msu. edu/course/lbs/145/smith/s02/classnotes_032802. html Webpage No title. Accessed 17/03/2005. http//www. puc. edu/Faculty/Gilbert_Muth/botgloss. htm

Ethical Theory Frameworks in the Workplace Essay

IntroductionThis action plan will explore the effectiveness of numerous honorable surmise frameworks and their applications programme to honourable quandarys in the work bespeak. A deeper analysis will be performed on honorable dilemma resolution and the specific ethical implications that may arise. Previous ethical dilemma Background The ethical dilemma that will be social functiond for this action plan is the termination of employment for inappropriate behaviour via the use of favorable media. An prentice made whatsoever inappropriate remarks on Facebook aimed at a work colleague (in a top-notch position) that were intended to be an attempt at humour so far they were taken by the colleague as offensive. The eject was quite concerning as in that location was no previous documented occurrence of this case of young within the organisation and as such, the method acting of resolution was unclear by both management and staff members. The resolution was the termination of e mployment of the apprentice and the development of a much needed staff social media indemnity that outlined what was deemed to be appropriate behaviour and how there was a link betwixt social media and the organisations determent and harassment policy.The victim who initi eachy made the complaint felt mixed emotions regarding the outcome as he did not intend on such an extreme penalty to be transfer down as the dickens were actu any(prenominal)y friends. The victim being a superior felt that if he had dealt with the fruit himself it may damage the friendship and result in tension in the workplace so therefore assumed if the upshot was dealt with by an independent party the issue could be dealt with avoiding any damage to the friendship. The approach really resulted in the matter being escalated and becoming quite an issue for the organisation. Ethical implications from the employee perspective Relationships form a fundamental key in effectiveness at work. The relationships formed with superiors, subordinates and colleagues alike so-and-so all impact productivity and general well-being in the workplace. An example of this may be ones ability to discuss an issue with a colleague in an ease up and near way without causing hostility. Another example may be approaching a superior about a delicate situation without sapidity intimidated or selectionly to reverse the situation, when a subordinate approaches a superior.McFarlin (2013, p.1) claims Many full-time employees spend to a greater extent of their waking hours with co-workers than they do with their spouses and families. As such, it is essential to chuck up the sponge employees the opportunity to build attribute relationships with their co-workers and believes that quality relationships at work fuel lead to improved teamwork, improved goode, higher employee retention rates and increase productivity. When employees ar encouraged to build quality relationships, it burn assist the collabor ative process and fundament help overcome feelings of isolation, particularly for new members of a team. These quality relationships can ultimately provide a despotic workplace where staff may work harder and feel connected to an organisation. There will always be times where relationships argon tested, particularly when eventd with ethical dilemmas, or when professional relationships potentially cross into mortalal relationships.While it is dependable to dumbfound a positive office space or working arrangement, it can possibly restrict the authority of a manager/supervisor if they argon seen to be more of a friend than as a boss. Miksen (2013, p.1) believes that whether you work part-time or are pushing 60 hours a week at your job, you should look at your co-workers as something more than strangers. Building personal relationships in the workplace allows you to work together more effectively with your co-workers and surrounds you with friends while clocked in. This is a fac et that some managers and possibly most staff members would agree with. Patrick (2013, p.1) on the other hand, believes that relationships in the workplace should be strictly professionalrather than personal. It is fine to be personable to an extent save workplace relationships should be guided by specific boundaries. Patrick (2013, p.1) states abandoning parameters can create conflict, loss of respect and even embarrassment and offers the opinion that boundaries can often firm up grey areas, clarify job descriptions, increase efficiency and stumble a workplace more productive.This is can be sight in most workplaces when staff members approach upper management or those in senior roles, as when put in comparison to the general discussions with colleagues and co-workers. It can be said that workplace relationships can be effective if there is an element of personal feeling involved however specific guidelines should be post in order to maintain professional conduct. Zeiger (2014) believes that social media allows increased communication in the workplace and allows employees to build relationships which can be beneficial if managed effectively however goes on to conclude affectionate networking has the ability to hurt employee relations within a company. Employees may send negative messages or harass one some other through social networking sites and hinder their ability to work together.This behaviour is a particularly difficult issue to manage as the consequences of ones actions may not be fully silent via the use of social media due to the absence of immediate repercussions from ones actions. Jung (2014) agrees the anonymity afforded online can loan out dark impulses that might otherwise be suppressed. Regardless of any unknown consequences or understanding of ones actions, the behaviour demo in person or online has a close relationship to virtue ethical theory and the privileged character of a person. Virtue ethics fundamentally encompass honourabl e judgement and provide a stand for which to develop ones ethical decisions based on the individuals internal character.Gowdy (2013) believes that virtue ethics is a classification within Normative Ethics that attempts to distinguish moral character, and to apply the moral character as a basis for ones choices and actions. Ultimately there has to be some accountability for ones individual actions whether the consequences are fully understand or not. Herboso (2014) agrees and goes on to state Virtue ethics focuses on the idea that what we call good is not dependent on the actions we take (deontologicalism) nor the results of those actions (consequentialism), but instead focuses on the person that we are.Ethical implications from the employer perspectiveMany employees believe that what happens outside of work is impartial to the conditions of employment however the code of conduct for most organisations is in place to foster its employees and provide a serious environment for work . The effects of bullying in the workplace are known to be serious issues and legislating does exists to protect employees however it is unclear as to what extents bullying may go to and the forms it may come in. The increasing demand for technology and use of social media means that employers responsibilities in regards to this issue will have to cater for a variety of issues. Caponecchia (2012) believes that online bullying is a particularly contentious workplace issue that is not fully understood and goes on to state There is sometimes reluctance in organisations to think about psychological hazards from within the risk management framework that they employ for all other hazards. Sometimes it is just a lack of awareness.The fact that an employee lost his employment as a result of inappropriate social media use demonstrates how serious the organisation is taking this issue. What was unclear at the time (prior to any social media policy) was what the expectations were in damage of appropriate behaviour specifically relating to social media however regardless of any policy the expectation of respect for colleagues is still there. The termination of employment appeared to be a harsh penalty given the context of the break-dance and the relationship between the colleagues however it is in the best interest of an employer to set clear expectations on behaviour and what is deemed to be unacceptable.Employers are bound by legislation to protect employees from any type of bullying or harassment therefore the choice is limited and employers are forced to hand out harsh penalties for such acts. Brush (2014) agrees and goes on to state The trade placed on employers by work health and safety legislation to provide a healthy and safe working environment and safe systems of work imposes the responsibility on employers to ensure not only the physical health of their workers, but also their mental health. This includes ensuring that employees are not exposed to workplace b ullying, harassment or discrimination Brush (2014) agrees that the anonymous nature of breeding and communication technology has created a difficult issue to manage that provides a very unfamiliar program forbullying and harassment in the workplace but nevertheless the aim of todays information and communication technology is to improve the quality of modern life not impede it. Ethical dilemma resolution and ethical theoryResolution methodThe resolution method for the primary incident was to terminate the employment in order to set clear expectations for the consequences of future bullying and harassment breaches and expectations in terms of social media behaviour. While this was analyzeed by many as quite an extreme measure the fact that expectations are now clearly set and the punishment is so severe, means there is no more confusion as to what is deemed appropriate or inappropriate online social media behaviour. Billikopf (2006) goes on to state effective discipline can protec t the organization, the supervisor who enforces the rules, and the subordinates subject to the same. Everyone suffers when there are mixed messages concerning misconduct and discipline. The secondary action was to develop a clear social media policy that outlined what was deemed to be appropriate behaviour in terms of social media use and its correlation to the organisations bullying and harassment policy already in place.Weekes (2013) believes As social media becomes more and more a part of our daily lives, its effect on businesses is increasing. This is why its important to have a social media policy in place in your workplace. Even if your business doesnt use social media your employees might. Edmond (2013) believes that social media policies are a crucial measuring stick in upholding the ethical conduct of a business though agrees that social media is a difficult platform to manage by stating Ultimately, sovereignty over social media identities rests on the individual. It is i mpossible to take control of an employees standing online, and employers should simply not attempt this. However, designing and implementing a strong social media policy can free employers of legal ramifications, as well as ensure employees become aware of how their actions affect the company. Ethical decision make Ingram (2014) offers a five step approach to ethical decision making in the workplace detailed below shout one Create a code of ethics and consult it before making business decisions. Ingram (2014) states A formal code of ethics can help you and your employees make decisions more quickly by conforming to a set of rules to which everyoneagrees.This is consistent with the organisational code of ethics, specifically regarding respect however the expectations of social media behaviour were not explicitly detailed at the time of the resolution. Step two Consider the effects of your decisions on all stakeholders. Ingram (2014) believes it is critical to understand the wider implications of decisions on all stakeholders affected. This is consistent with consequentialist theory and has particular value in this ethical dilemma where there are various layers involved in the issue such as personal relationships, unclear expectations in terms of behaviour and unfavourable outcomes for all parties involved. Step tether Use industry regulations as a starting point when making decisions. Industry regulations such as legislation regarding workplace bullying and harassment may be important to consider in this example however the context of the relationship pollutes the clarification of the issue in terms of the reliable action and the outcome of the resolution. Step four Consult others when making decisions with widespread consequences. Ingram (2014) goes on to state Gaining a fresh perspective on your dilemma can help to shed light on possibilities and impacts of which you are unaware.You can ask for help in generating pickaxes and in choosing which option t o pursue, or you can seek advice concerning an option that you have already chosen before implementing it. This again reinforces the consequentialist theory relevance in this example and differs from the deontological approach. Step five Review the results of your past business decisions, and lease from your mistakes. This final step is crucial for the ongoing success of ethical conduct in the workplace however in this specific example there is some unfamiliarity regarding the social media platform. The future conduct of the business will definitely see some benefit from the clarification of the organisations stance of what is considered as social media bullying and harassment though this issue poses the argument that this resolution has created a scape goat in order to set an organisational standard. may (2014) offers more comprehensive nine step guide to ethical decision making detailed belowStep one Gather the facts may (2014) specifies not to make any assumptions as facts may be difficult to find because of the uncertainty often found around ethical issues.Step two Define the ethical issues May (2014) states Dont jump to solutions without first identifying the ethical issue(s) in thesituation, define the ethical basis for the issue you want to focus on and consider there may be multiple ethical issues focus on one major one at a time.Step three Identify the affected parties (stakeholders) Consider multiple perspectives and consider not only the primary stakeholders but any indirect stakeholders. In this case the indirect stakeholder is actually the victim as the resolution handed down resulted in damaged friendship and increased tension in the workplace.Step four Identify the consequencesMay (2014) states think about potential positive and negative consequences for affected parties by the decision. This is consistent with consequentialist theory and reinforces the importance of consequentialist theory in contrast to deontological framework.Step five Ide ntify the obligations (principles, rights, justice) May (2014) believes Obligations should be thought of in terms of principles and rights involved. What obligations are created because of particular ethical principles you might use in the situation and what obligations are created because of the specific rights of the stakeholders.Step six Consider your character and integrity May (2014) states What decision would you come to based solely on character considerations? This aligns with virtue ethical theory and begins to form the concept that ethical resolutions or decision making should consider multiple ethical theory frameworks.Step seven Think creatively about potential actionsEnsure that you have not been unnecessarily forced into a corner and consider that there may be other alternative solutions available. May (2014) offers the opinion If you have come up with solutions a and b, try to brainstorm and come up with a c solution that might adjoin the interests of the primary par ties involved in the situation.Step eight Check your gut May (2014) goes on to state Even though the prior go have argued for a highly rational process, it is always good to check your gut. Intuition is gaining credibility as a source for good decision making knowing something is not right.Step nine Decide on the proper ethical action and be prepared to deal with opposing arguments. May (2014) believes that the consideration of potential actions based on the consequences, obligations, and character approaches are crucial elements in any ethical dilemma resolution which ultimately alignswith consequentialist theory and the ostensibly favourable ethical framework. Was the resolution ethical? The colleague that made a poor decision without fully understanding the consequences of his actions is left in an extremely downtrodden situation. The organisation did continue to assist the colleague continue his apprenticeship studies as a non-paid employee which demonstrates an understandin g of the ethical implications as a result of the resolution however there is still an amount of resentment from the apprentice regarding the outcome. Ingram (2014) offers the opinion in defence of organisations being forced to make harsh decisions If you have made and implemented a decision with questionable ethical implications, act quickly to resolve the matter by making restitution to everyone affected and work to counteract the decisions effects.The primary resolution to terminate is closely correlated with deontological ethics as the action is impartial to the consequences of the decision. Deontological moral systems are such that their moral principles are completely separated from any consequences, in this case the result of an employee becoming unemployed for the results of an action that was not fully understood. Cline (2014) offers a criticism in regards to deontological theory that deontological moral systems do not readily allow for grey areas where the morality of an ac tion is questionable. They are, rather, systems which are based upon absolutes absolute principles and absolute conclusions. In real life, however, moral questions more often involve grey areas than absolute black & white choices. We typically have conflicting duties, interests, and issues that make things difficult.Deontology teaches that an action is moral if it adheres to accomplished rules however these established rules are independent of any circumstantial influences. The fact that social media is a relatively new platform for bullying and harassment to drink itself, so is the grey in the matter in terms of applying deontological ethical theory for a resolution. This issue presents conflict between two categorical imperatives duty to uphold justice against organisational policy and the duty and responsibilities as a friend. Deontology can be rationally justified in terms of morality however in practice is problematic due to the rigidity of the theory and its inability to in corporate any variations relevant to the action.Consequentialism on the other hand, allows for decisions to be made in annexation with the consequences of the action.If a consequentialist ethical theory was applied to the issue, the best possible solution for all parties involved could be established. For instance, the victim of the issue may not have such mixed emotions regarding the harsh penalty and the implications of his friendship whilst the colleague could still maintain his employment whilst learning from his mistake. Virtue ethical theory teaches that internal moral character should guide behaviour regardless of the platform however the fact that there is a disconnection between online behaviour and actual personal encounters presents an issue in the clarity of the issue.The colleague believed that the online behaviour was in the context of humour however the interpretation was taken quite seriously. It can be argued that if this were a face to face encounter the behaviour would be significantly different and the fact that social media is a relatively new platform without an organisational policy that details the expectations of employee behaviour, there were no grounds to determine the severity of the ethical issue. From the victims point of view there is major conflict with the resolution as the professional escalation was intended to avoid any damage to the friendship and actually separate the personal relationship from the work colleague relationship however the impact of the escalation resulted in an extremely unfavourable outcome for both parties involved. In deontological context the resolution was straight forward though in consequentialist context the consequences were not ideal for any party involved.Hartsell (2006) believes that the relationship between the parties involved in an ethical conflict is required to be taken into consideration for an effective resolution to be dictated and goes on to state The nature of the relationship determi nes what is ethical, and the nature of the relationship may be properly determined only by open, voluntary negotiation. Openness involves honest disclosure of information, thoughts, and feelings about the issue at hand. Voluntariness involves the capacity to give or withhold consent for participation in the relationship and in the negotiation. In contrast to the support of consequentialist theory Kokoski (2009) believes that Consequentiality utilitarian ideology, which purports to bring about the greatest good for the greatest number of people, is insufficient for it operates from within a narrow embellish of particular instances and doesnt consider nor can it how different situations are ultimately connected to each other in time or howthey are understood in relation to the persons that help bring them about. From this statement it can be argued that there is some benefit in the consideration for the greatest good for the greatest number of people however it is insufficient in isolation as an ethical framework to base decision making on.Kokoski (2009) concludes Consequentialism acknowledges moral value but maintains that it is never possible to formulate an absolute prohibition of particular kinds of behaviour which would be in conflict, in every circumstance and in every culture, with those values. Murdarasi (2009) believes consequentialism and deontology are the two most important ethical theories, but their ways of deciding what is right are very different and goes on to state The main criticism of deontology is that it is selfish, a way of avoiding getting your hands dirty (in a moral sense) while still allowing terrible things to happen. The main criticism of consequentialism is that it would allow any action in pursuit of a good cause, even actions that most people would say were clearly morally prostitute, such as torture, violent death children, genocide, etc.. This statement argues the relevance for the consideration of multiple ethical theorie s in any resolution process and that one ethical theory in isolation will be insufficient as a framework for which to base any ideology.Conclusion In summary, ethical dilemmas can be as conglomerate as the resolution process itself. A multitude of factors need to be considered before any effective resolution process can be handed down along with the consideration of secondary effects that a resolution process may have. Form the deontological point of view what is right is right and what is wrong is wrong however there are many factors that cloud this judgement. In this issue alone there is the consideration of the relationship between the two parties that needs to be considered in order to understand the context of the action so therefore what is considered right and wrong could be a very fine line. In contrasting consequentialist theory the action on social media was wrong however the outcome of terminating ones employment over what was actually considered to be a minor issue a nd the damage the resolution had on the friendship does not equate to the greatest good for the greatest number of people.If either of the previously depict resolution processes that align with consequentialist theory were followed then the outcome would have been far greater than what was actually delivered. The fact that socialmedia is a relatively new platform definitely makes the issue a very complicated one and this particular issue demonstrates that the implications of social media on ethical conduct today are however to be fully understood. Ultimately when there is significant uncertainty regarding an issue, then the consequences of any resolution need to be fully considered rather than adopting a virtuous deontological framework to work within.ReferencesBartol, K., Tein, M., Matthews, G., Sharma, B., Scott-Ladd, B. (2011). Management A Pacific Rim focus. (6th Ed).NSW McGraw Hill. Behnke, S. (2005). On being an ethical psychologist. American Psychological Association. Retri eved from http//www.apa.org/monitor/julaug05/ethics.aspx Billikopf, G. (2006). Employee Discipline & Termination. University of California. Retrieved from http//nature.berkeley.edu/ucce50/ag-labor/7labor/14.htm Brush, D. (2014). Cyberbullying laws struggling to lapse up with technology. CBP Lawyers. Retrieved from http//www.cbp.com.au/Publications/Cyberbullying-laws-struggling-to-keep-up-with-te Caponecchia, C. (2012). Shining a new light on bullying risk. The Conversation. Retrieved from http//theconversation.com/shining-a-new-light-on-bullying-risk-6653 Cline, A. (2014). Deontology and Ethics What is Deontology, Deontological Ethics? About.com. Retrieved from http//atheism.about.com/od/ethicalsystems/a/Deontological.htm Cole, K. (2005). Management Theory and practice. NSW Pearson Education Australia. Edmond, C. (2013). Social media policies critical to workplaces. HC Online. Retrieved from http//www.hcamag.com/hr-news/social-media-policies-critical-to-workplaces-177646.aspx Gowd y, L.N. (2013). Virtue Ethics. Larry Neal Gowdy. Retrieved from http//www.ethicsmorals.com/ethicsvirtue.html Greeson, W. (2011). When Good Men Do Nothing. David Padfield. Retrieved from http//www.padfield.com/1997/goodmen.html Hartsell, B.D. (2006). A Model for Ethical Decision-Making The Context of Ethics. Journal of Social Work Values & Ethics. Retrieved from http//www.jswvearchives.com/content/view/26/44/ Herboso, E. (2014). Platos Beliefs on Ethics. Demand Media. Retrieved from http//people.opposingviews.com/platos-beliefs-ethics-4672.html Ingram, D.

Retelling Is Not the Same as Recalling

This expression is talking ab come to the fore take backing is to a greater extent the true on Information and lucubrates. However its different from retelling. Retelling is more(prenominal) focus on the speakers goals, the audience, and the social context more generally. It has explained that retelling the account facts are much better that elaboration of the story. However, the cutting retentiveness would Incomplete or distorted our previous(a) retention. Hence, It decreases the accuracy of our memory. Retelling atomic number 50 be linked to memory errors observed In domains such as flash lamp memories and eyewitness testimony.Flashbulb memory explained that why we could cogitate slightlything very sound. Its because flashbulb memory a clear memory of an emotion significant moment or event and location. Therefore, very could come back what we were doing and where we were accuracy. We could only toy with well for the facts of the event, yet non all the details. Wh en the times pass longer, it would replace by the new memory too, to inhibit the accuracy of memory. I would like to introduce to my friends or parent that our memory is not accuracy for any(prenominal)thing that we not always recall. Its hard to remember all the details andInformation of the events. Mostly, we could retell the facts of the story or events. It Is because our new memory replaced our old memory. Thats why It would dissemble our accuracy of memory. There are also so many things could affect our memory. Such as, environment, internal state, consciousness, encoding and rehearsing. Those facts would affect the accuracy and how well we could remember for the detail. Personal Reaction This article let me understand that why something we could memorize so well and we would never forget that and something we could only remember the facts but not the details.Its because of our recalling and retelling of emotion and location. We could only remember the facts but not all the details. However, when something that we didnt recall a lot It may replace by the new memory and it would mess up our real memory. Im agreeing with this article, because something that we recall well Is depends on our memory. How done some facts affect our memory and accuracy of memory. Sometime, we may Just remember the mall story of the even. Its because some information may replace by the new memory but our brain will use those new memory to make sense of it.Hence, it will affect the accuracy memory. There were some experiences showed in the article, recalling the fact is much better than recalling the details. I think its because different large number have different quality of memorization, some people are good at retelling information. As I remember during our class, you have talked a lot about memory and it is a huge topic. As I remember, during the class, we have talked a lot about memory. There are a lot of facts could affect out memory. They are link to this article. Such as, explicit memory, implicit memory, context-dependent memory and state dependent memory.They are some information we have discussed during the class which Is connect with this article. After I read this article, I know more about how recalling affects our memory accuracy and why we cant remember well for some detail except some condition (ex flashbulb memory). Retelling Is Not the Same as Recalling By checking This article is talking about recalling is more accuracy on information and details. Memory would incomplete or distorted our old memory. Hence, it decreases the accuracy of our memory. Retelling can be linked to memory errors observed in information of the events.Mostly, we could retell the facts of the story or events. It is because our new memory replaced our old memory. Thats why it would affect our we didnt recall a lot it may replace by the new memory and it would mess up our real memory. Im agreeing with this article, because something that we recall well is memory. Sometime, we may Just remember the main story of the even. Its because information we have discussed during the class which is connect with this article. After I read this article, I know more about how recalling affects our memory accuracy and why we cant remember well for some detail except some condition (ex flashbulb

Persuasive Letter

09/16/2012 Ms. June Watkins Principal L iodin High School 12345 Out There Road Somewhere, KY 54321 Dear Ms. Watkins It has come to my assist that the students of this school, in particular the incoming freshman, pass on be required to uptake IPads during this school year. The idea of employ such technology is an advantage in some cases, like the continual ability to stay certain through the internet and the light weight of the device. However, there are other situations where IPads, being the only extraction for information, resources, and school supplies, are inappropriate for our students.Thus, I ask for your consideration in not implementing such devices in this school. First, we must consider the finances of most of the students and parents in this district. The option for payment of the device is given at the end of their high school careers with the school making the initial payment however, the device could be overage or broken by that beat. What happens if one of the d evices breaks during the school year or at any time during high school? Do the parents pay for the broken IPad as well a new one? Second, the students will be using the IPads at all points in time during school and at home.How will the put outs of social networking, instant chat, and random browsing of the internet during class time be addressed? Students would carry extreme restriction because of the inappropriate use of the internet will there be a point of accumulation set on the devices, and is it even possible to restrict the device? Lastly, I want to address the issue of word study and research by use of an IPad. Although there are many sources in which a student can gain more literacy, there are many more that encourage the use of poor grammar and spelling.Many times students rely on the computer to spit out the correct spelling, meaning, and content without the apprehension that there are reliable and unreliable sources. How can we implement a device that goes against wh at we are nerve-racking to teach our students? With all of the positive uses of the IPad, there are an equal amount of negative uses for the same device. I hope you consider the points I have given before implementing such a major intensify in the school that will affect all students, teachers, and parents in this district. Thank you for your time. Sincerely,

Electronic media Of Pakistan

1. What is electronic media? Electronic Media are those communication mediums which are based on electronic or electromechanical elbow room of production and most often distinguished from print media. The primordial electronic media reference books familiar to the habitual general world wide include radio, sound recordings, television, video recording and streaming internet content . It denotes, the primary(prenominal) lay outor of communicating with large number of concourse, especially television, radio, internet and satellite. The electronic media have four sancti angiotensin converting enzymed functions to inform, entertain, educate and invite the public opinion.The 20th century gutter be termed as the century of communication. The main mean of mass communication grew in succession as the century unfolded. Motion pictures arrived on crack in the first decade of this century. Regular radio broadcasts started in 1920s. Television entered the arena in 1940s, fol pocket -sizeed by cable television in 1950s, and satellite television in 1970s. Lastly the personal computer gave retrieve to Internet in 1980s. It transformed the interconnected computer networks through World Wide Web by the 1990s. . 2 Influence of electronic mediaIn the last 50 years the media influence has grown significantly with the betterment of applied science, first on that point was the telegraph, then the radio, the intelligencepaper, magazines, television and now the internet. We live in a connection that depends on selective information and communication to keep moving in the right counsel and do our daily activities kindred work, entertainment, health care, education, personal relationships, travelling and anything else that we have to do. What we need to be aware is that most of our decisions, beliefs and values are based on what we know for a fact, our assumptions and our own experience.In our work we usually know what we have to do base on our experience and studi es, however on our daily lives we rely on the media to get the period news and facts about what is important and what we should be aware of. We have put our reliance on the media as an authority to give us news, entertainment and education. However, the influence of mass media on our kids, teenagers and hunting lodge is so large(p) that we should know how it really works. . The electronic media has touched every(prenominal) sphere of the valet de chambre aspect. In the present propagation, information and technology are interwoven with the societys economic progress.The evolution of electronic media has had an overwhelming seismic disturbance on the society. The Opportunities of communication have broken all barriers across discipline boundaries and have led to the germi tribe of new ideas through the cross pollination of cultures. Electronic information has had a positive impact in the promotion of various social regimes. . 1. 3 Functions of electronic media. The prima ry functions of electronic media are to inform, educate, influence and entertain. This room of communication has maximum size of audience, its reach, coverage and effectiveness of its impact is increasing.Following is a brief description of slightly of the functions of the electronic media- To Provide Information. The provision of reliable verifiable adequate and complete information is one of the primary functions of the electronic media, objectivity is expected in arranging information for the macrocosm. To Provide Education . The electronic media can become a provideful and economical puppet for education and has a great dominance if utilise imaginatively and with vision. The media can also be used to raise awareness and educate the masses to chastise various social problems and development of civic sense. .To Influence Public Opinion. The revolution in information technology and potential of media to influence and analyze various matter and international issues, suggest various options, weigh the silk hat option to arrive at the correct solutions to guide their audience. To Entertain. The electronic media can cater for a wide cathode-ray oscilloscope of entertainments for tastes and requirements of almost all the segments of the society. 1. 4 Growth of electronic media in Pakistan The electronic media in Pakistan has make rapid progress. Only three or four decades ago, radio and state owned TV was considered to be the main sources of information.Today, we have more(prenominal) than 77 broadcast TV Channels, 2346 cable operators, 28 landing TV Channels from abroad like BBC, CNN, Sky, Star etc. and more than 129 FM Stations(on air and in near cases licences issued) including 46 wireless Channels. The investment this year is expected US$ 1. 5 billion. Total investment in this sector is US$ 2. 5 billion. The new jobs likely to be created are 150000. The indirect employment is 7 million. The advertisement market in 2008 was US$ 431 Million and in 2009 it was estimated as US$ 691 million.This growth has do available more knowledge and up to date information in all spheres of life to the general public. TV started its test transmissions in 1964. Pakistan Television Corporation was incorporated as a joint comport company in 1967 and in 1984 it was converted into a corporation under(a) the Companies ordinance. PTV has been a great source of entertainment. TV has also effectively disseminated information on a variety of hoagiejects to its viewers. However, the objectives set out for PTV at the time of its inception were- Instruction and enlightenment. Enrichment of knowledge and information. Wholesome entertainment. Promotion of national outlook and integration. Presentation of news in a fair, objective, factual manner free from deception by implication and omission. 1. 5 Types of electronic media Radio. In Pakistan like other developing countries, radio is the major source of information and entertainment out-of-pocke t to its reach to the far flung areas and being relatively economical. Broadcasts carry news, analyses, commentaries and advertisements. This medium, however, is losing attraction in the public. Television.TV due to its potentials to offer a greater variety than other elements of electronic media has become the strongest form of media to perform all four functions, i. e. information, education, influence and entertainment. Internet. Internet is the latest addition into the elements of medium of electronic communication. It is swiftly bringing a historic angle in the dynamics and profile of the orbicular information sector. The medium also provides instant access to the largest info bases and archives of information around the world. 1. 6 The media and the ground realitiesThe most critical obligation of electronic media is to act as the custodian of the facts. There are certain realities and electronic medias mindset and peculiarities, which to some issue are universal. The elect ronic media is a business, a billion dollar industry and thus its primary creator remains to earn money and not harmonize the society. Due to wicked competition in the subject field of electronic media industry, media has to be competitive to be Exclusive and First. The electronic media often looks for controversy, sensationalism and nix news to make headlines.In some cases the electronic media feels that it has the right to interpret what is good or bad for society using its own standards. The electronic Media was primarily and popularly used by our previous regimes as tool of self propaganda, the quality of news wretched, unreliable and un-imaginative presentation of events and stories, ultimately losing the confidence of general public. Introduction of Satellite TV, Cable and Private Channels and Dish widened the scope of awareness of flock. The Government of Pakistan realized the sensitivity and potential of private electronic media which could not be avoided through State controlled TV only.The regimeal policies regarding electronic media took a different direction, to regulate this sector. 1. 7 Pakistan electronic media regulatory authority The objective of PEMRA was to regulate the electronic media i. e. Radio and TV. This was necessitated by the decision to allow a large number of private TV and radio channels. The Ordinance also gives a Code of Conduct for media broad orderrs/ cable TV operators. This Regulatory Body was established under the PEMRA Ordinance 2002, having the following goals in mind i) Improve the standards of information, education and entertainment.ii) Enlarge the choice available to the people of Pakistan in the media for news, current affairs, spectral knowledge, art, culture, science, technology, economic development, social sector concerns, music, sports, drama and other subjects of public and national interest. iii) Facilitate the devolution of responsibility and power to the grass roots by improving the access of the pe ople to mass media at the local and association level. iv) Ensure responsibility, transparency and good governance by optimisation of the free flow of information. . ChallengesIn a democratic democracy like Pakistan where freedom of speech and submition is guaranteed to every citizen by the genius. This fundamental right has to be exercised by all with due care to go over that it whitethorn not incite violence, terrorism, racial, ethnic or unearthly discrimination, sectarianism, extremism, militancy, hatred, pornography, obscenity, vulgarity or anything offensive to the commonly sure standards of decency. Similarly, the sanctity of national institutions needs to be keeped at all costs. In this regard, PEMRA has formulated a Code of Conduct for the broad graders.However, the concept of Self-Regulation is promoted to encourage the broadcasters to formulate the rules of the game, themselves. . SECTION-2 FAULT LINES IN NATIONAL COHESION AND integrating 2. 1 What is subject a rea Integration? The concept of National Integration is subject to a wide range of interpretations. However, two definitions which catch the essential spirit of the concept include, The creation of a National Political brass which supersedes or incorporates all the regional sub-cultures , and the creation of a Common national consciousness, a common national consensus and a common national identity .These two definitions appear adequate for working purposes as they underline both the semi governmental as well as the socio-cultural ingredients of the process of integration. National cohesion refers to the bonds or gingiva that binds members of society, community or other groups together. The most obvious bonds are ideological, ethnic, linguistic, religious, cultural and historic. However, the homogeneity of a nation is no guarantee of successfully bonding together as a cohesive hale. The extent of the flagellum posed to the integrity of a state by the multiplicity of languages, r aces, religions etc., depends on a variety of factors and there are basically two requisites (conflict of ideology and economic decline) which must be present ahead a country may be deemed to be faced with a problem of national disunity. The Pakistani society is in transition, and it faces challenges just now still the national interest is to make Pakistan as a unity-in-diversity and there is an ever-growing need to develop a harmonious society. The balance sheet of social changes in Pakistani society over the past half century has both cost and benefits.Pakistani society has split into class-cum-lifestyle segments. Its social institutions do not dovetail into each other instead fissures of institutional lag run through them. Its cohesion has given way to the fragmentation and the erosion of value and moral consensus. 2. 2 Fault Lines in National Cohesion and Integration in Pakistan Integration or cohesion is an ideal, it is not a thing but a process. It is dynamism ruled by an inner necessity, being guided in a direction chosen by itself as a goal or rather a series of goals wind to a certain direction .National integration and social cohesion is the capacity of a society to look into the welfare of its all members, minimize disparities and avoid polarization. A cohesive society is mutually supportive community of free individuals, pursuing these common goals by democratic means. National integration and social cohesion is at risk in Pakistan because of many impeding factors, which originate within the country or influenced by immaterial reasons. It may also be a complex outcome of interaction betwixt the country forces and stresses and influences of global scenario.The socio-political factors and socio-economic factors as listed below have contributed to cause fault lines in national cohesion and integration. 2. 3 Socio-Political Factors bigotry and near absence of civic responsibility, now manifested in our society is indeed the outcome of a grad able structure and social barriers, further and enforced by policy approaches in the 80s. Politicizing of religion and language is one major source of fractionalization. Presently, the culture and society of Pakistan are in the grip of an unprecedented upheaval.In the post 9/11 world, the political, religious, and the social dynamics in Pakistan have been under major internal transformation and intense international scrutiny. Ethnic and sectarian violence which ravaged the country for the last two decades has sharply polarized the society. respective(a) Islamic religious groups jostle violently for power. Religious trustfulness, usually a matter of personal redemption, is flagrantly flaunted and a stunning lack of tolerance for difference increasingly defines Pakistani society. Constitutional Crisis.The non-agreement and lack of consensus on various revisions and amendments in 1973 constitution remained a contentious issue among the federating units since long. The delayed proces s of reconciliation and agreement, on this only document to govern the state is a serious threat to national cohesion and integration. Provincialism. Imbedded strides of sub national identities engraved into the fabric of the provinces pose an existential threat to national cohesion. This issue is even more pronounced in case of smaller provinces like Khyber Pukhtunwa and Balochistan.Identity crisis prevailing with in the provinces is tarnishing the very physiology of democracy in essence and in dispensation at National level. There are contradictions between national and provincial interests, specially in matte relating to language, ethnicity, identity, and power. There are small Political groups and movements agitating for their rights, including Baloch issue. Nevertheless, such provincial or regional sentiments swirl within the national cultural pool. Sectarian Intolerance. The division of society on the terra firma of sects, tribes, colour and creed gives rise to intolerance t owards other sects.The violence on sectarianism basis is on the rise. The religious intolerance and extremism, and over emphasis on religious identities due to that Pakistani society is go about continuous challenge of terrorism in the name of religion and belief. Political Process and Direction. The directionless political schema rarely delivers to the satisfaction of voters. Various derivations of political process have no regard for national objectives and national interests and efforts for achievement of these goals for the country are hardly visible. The political system as a whole is driven by conflicting vested interests.The political parties lack democratic norms in their rank and file. Leadership flair and Direction. The political lead as a whole has failed to satisfy the masses. The trust deficit between the leadership and the people has widened, and is increasing with the passage of time. The social and political positions of so-called ruling elites are just a symbol of false pride without much(prenominal) regard for vision and umpire. Non-State Actors. Unorganized political parties have increase the influence of non-state actors in national politics, thereby vested interests are perpetuated, at the cost of national interests.Challenges to the Writ of the Government. The offspring of this divide is the challenge to the writ of the State in FATA and Malakand Division where state infrastructure of governance has been uprooted, the power elite has been eliminated (either by murder or forced migration) new and parallel structures have been created and the application of Constitution is challenged. The so-called Islamic fundamentalists have always been influential in the largely poor, illiterate, and rural Pakistan society.These groups represent a variety of power centres based on an array of belief systems from within Islam. Historically, none of these groups have had much success at the ballot box, but with a strong core of true believers with b lind faith and unflinching allegiance, they have often been able to display enough Street power to disrupt civilian life. Since the war of independence in neighbouring Afghanistan in the 1980s, these religious groups have been encouraged and aided by the government of Pakistan and the US State Department.As a result they have flourished and proliferated under the exhilarating notion of jihad. The border between Afghanistan and Pakistan has been porous for centuries because of the unusual terrain that facilitates traffic and a common tribal ethos that informs the lives of the bordering populace. With the rapid and fearsome Talibanization of Afghanistan and the Mullahisation of Pakistan, the borders for all possible and ideological purposes dissolved, and these processes played a vital role in the fluctuating social ethos of Pakistan. War against Terrorism. The country is facing various challenges. The multiple threats and constant pressures are very serious since post 9/11 due to P akistans commitment with West for fight against terrorism. This involvement is viewed as being done to apply the West. The suicidal attacks and drone attacks are the result of this involvement. Feudalism / Tribalism. In Pakistan the feudal and tribal society where rights of human being are violated is a matter of concern, people are not free to express their desire to govern.In such circumstances the leadership style is power centred and feudal in character, this leadership enjoys respect because of fear, and not because of trust. National and regional culture has, at various times, interwoven and competed with each other. In times when centralization is the ideological thrust, national themes and institutions are in the ascendancy, but when the pendulum swings toward decentralization, regional and ethnic societies and cultures reassert their autonomy.The political ideologies and movements that shift the balance between national and regional social and cultural systems are the mark ers of Pakistans social change. Role of Madrassa. There is little control of government over madrassas in the country, these madras do pose a threat to the cohesion of the society in Pakistan, if not regulated adequately. . 2. 4. Socio Economic Factors Socio Economic disparities. The poverty and flash has caused disparities in the society. The people living below the poverty line have increased in number.The unemployment and low income has caused economic imbalance in the society. The division of society and decline in socio-economic standards have adversely wedge the quality of life. Bad Governance. Undemocratic & non-participatory governance. . .The perception of governance leading to good governance is flouted concepts of transparency and accountability are misleading in Pakistani experience. The accountability is selective and by choice, its aim is not to square away the society of negative practices, but to benefit the fittest and powerful.The people have no faith in the system of governance and accountability. Violation of Human Rights. The human rights violation is on the increase, the weaker segments of the population even do not get the rights given in the constitution and the irony remains ignorance on their part of basic rights bestowed by the constitution. The perception of women as having a lower status at all levels is the principle barrier in the way of gender equality and is reinforced by customary practises and the justices of the land.Women education, health, labour force participation, mobility, decision reservation etc, all reflect the unique situation of women in Pakistan. Personal Security Perception. The constant engagement of population in this war against terrorism has changed its perception of personal security. The people have doubts about the success of governmental policies. Loyalty towards State /individualistic behaviour. The notion of loyalty towards state is blurred, peoples expectation of justice and fair play are sha ttered, and therefore, their loyalty towards State is also undermined.The individualism has replaced collectivism the bigger social group is vanished. The conflicts of values, beliefs, and other sociological imbalances has damaged the national fabric and has caused segmentation on the basis of caste and class Justice and Rule of law. The justice is uncertain the rules of game are settled by contumely of power. The respect for justice is linked with status and position of the seeker. The attitude towards Rule of Law is very negative, law breaking is considered as a pride for the powerful.Due to delayed justice people have lost entrust in the system to get justice. Violence against Women and minorities Many Analysts are in agreement that womens poor status as well as poverty is rooted in social and cultural governance of society. The rights of the women are abused, and such abuse is referred to the culture and customs and here- say, this victimization is devoid of any ideological, religious and legal and Constitutional basis. The religious minorities are threatened and do face violence at their religious places, thereby show concern of threat and personal security.Empowering women is a challenge, requires changes in the existing class and caste based structure and it needs a focused and active public delivery system to ensure that resources and opportunities earmarked for women reach them Mistrust in Criminal Justice System. The people do not have trust in criminal justice system, and lack of trust generates uncertainty and confusion in the society. In Pakistani society, the judiciary plays a pivotal role in articulating and enforcing rules of conduct for its citizens. The judiciary derives its legitimacy and power from the constitution.